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Japanese nuclear weapon program
The Japanese program to develop nuclear weapons was conducted during World War II. Like the German nuclear weapons program, it suffered from an array of problems, and was ultimately unable to progress beyond the laboratory stage before the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Japanese surrender in August 1945.
Today, Japan's nuclear energy infrastructure makes it eminently capable of constructing nuclear weapons at will. The de-militarization of Japan and the protection of the United States' nuclear umbrella have led to a strong policy of non-weaponization of nuclear technology, but in the face of nuclear weapons testing by North Korea, some politicians and former military officials in Japan are calling for a reversal of this policy.
==Background==
In 1934, Tohoku University professor Hikosaka Tadayoshi's "atomic physics theory" was released. Hikosaka pointed out the huge energy contained by nuclei and the possibility that both nuclear power generation and weapons could be created.
In December 1938, the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to ''Naturwissenschaften'' reporting that they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons;〔O. Hahn and F. Strassmann. ''Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle'' ("On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons"), ''Naturwissenschaften'' Volume 27, Number 1, 11–15 (1939). The authors were identified as being at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.〕 simultaneously, they communicated these results to Lise Meitner. Meitner, and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, correctly interpreted these results as being nuclear fission〔 The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, and Frisch as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen.〕 and Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939.〔 The paper is dated 17 January 1939, and the experiment was conducted on 13 January 1939—see Richard Rhodes ''The Making of the Atomic Bomb'' pp. 263, 268〕 Physicists around the world immediately realized that chain reactions could be produced and notified their governments of the possibility of developing nuclear weapons.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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